Birth Control

What is chloroquine?
Chloroquine is used to treat or prevent malaria, a disease caused by parasites that enter the body through the bite of a mosquito. Chloroquine is not effective against all strains of malaria, or against malaria in areas where the infection has been resistant to a similar drug called hydroxychloroquine.

Chloroquine is also used to treat amebiasis (infection caused by amoebae).

Chloroquine has not been approved to treat coronavirus or COVID-19. However, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authorized emergency use of chloroquine in adults and adolescents weighing at least 110 pounds (50 kilograms) who are hospitalized with COVID-19 or are enrolled in a clinical trial.

It is not yet known if chloroquine is a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19. Do not buy chloroquine from an online pharmacy or use the medicine without a prescription from your own doctor.

Chloroquine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important Information
Chloroquine has not been approved to treat coronavirus or COVID-19. It is not yet known if chloroquine is an effective treatment for COVID-19.

The FDA has authorized emergency use of chloroquine only in people with COVID-19 who are in a hospital or enrolled in a clinical trial. You must remain under the care of a doctor while you are using chloroquine for COVID-19.

Chloroquine can cause dangerous effects on your heart, especially if you also use certain other medicines including the antibiotic azithromycin (Z-Pak). Seek emergency medical attention if you have fast or pounding heartbeats and sudden dizziness (like you might pass out).

Taking chloroquine long-term or at high doses may cause irreversible damage to the retina of your eye that could progress to permanent vision problems. You may not be able to use chloroquine if you have a history of vision changes or damage to your retina.

Stop taking chloroquine and call your doctor at once if you have blurred vision, trouble focusing, distorted vision, blind spots, trouble reading, hazy or cloudy vision, increased sensitivity to light.

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Before taking this medicine
You should not use this medicine if you are allergic to chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. You may not be able to use chloroquine if you have ever had vision changes or damage to your retina.

High doses or long-term use of chloroquine may cause irreversible damage to your retina (the membrane layer inside your eye that helps produce vision). This could progress to permanent vision problems. The risk of retinal damage is higher in people with pre-existing eye problems, kidney disease, or people who also take tamoxifen.

Tell your doctor if you have ever had:

vision changes or damage to your retina caused by an anti-malaria medication;

heart disease, heart rhythm disorder (such as long QT syndrome);

an electrolyte imbalance (such as low levels of potassium or magnesium in your blood);

diabetes;

liver or kidney disease;

psoriasis;

alcoholism;

porphyria (a genetic enzyme disorder that causes symptoms affecting the skin or nervous system); or

a genetic enzyme deficiency called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Malaria is more likely to cause serious illness or death in a pregnant woman. Having malaria during pregnancy may also increase the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, premature delivery, and low birth weight.

It is not known whether chloroquine will harm an unborn baby. If you are pregnant, ask your doctor about the risks of traveling to areas where malaria is common (such as Africa, South America, and Southern Asia).

You should not breastfeed while using chloroquine.

How should I take chloroquine?
Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Use the medicine exactly as directed.

To prevent malaria: Chloroquine is usually taken once per week on the same day each week. Start taking the medicine 2 weeks before entering an area where malaria is common. Keep taking the medicine during your stay and for at least 8 weeks after you leave the area.

To treat malaria: Chloroquine is usually given as one high dose followed by smaller doses during the next 2 days in a row.

To treat amebiasis: Chloroquine is given in a high starting dose for 2 days followed by a smaller dose for 2 to 3 weeks. You may be given other medications to help prevent further infection.

The best chloroquine dose in people with COVID-19 is not known. You must remain under the care of a doctor while you are using chloroquine for COVID-19.

Chloroquine doses are based on weight in children. Your child's dose needs may change if the child gains or loses weight.

Use chloroquine for the full prescribed length of time, even if your symptoms quickly improve.

Call your doctor as soon as possible if you have been exposed to malaria, or if you have fever or other symptoms of illness during or after a stay in an area where malaria is common.

Use protective clothing, insect repellents, and mosquito netting around your bed to further prevent mosquito bites that could cause malaria.

No medication is 100% effective in treating or preventing all types of malaria. Talk with your doctor if you have fever, vomiting, or diarrhea during your treatment.

While using chloroquine, you may need frequent medical tests and vision exams.

Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

What happens if I miss a dose?
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss a dose.

What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. An overdose of chloroquine can be fatal, and must be treated quickly.

Overdose symptoms may include drowsiness, vision changes, seizure, slow heart rate, weak pulse, pounding heartbeats, sudden dizziness, fainting, shortness of breath, or slow breathing (breathing may stop).

Keep chloroquine out of the reach of children. A chloroquine overdose can be fatal to a child who accidentally swallows this medicine.

What should I avoid while taking chloroquine?
This medicine may cause blurred vision and may impair your reactions. Avoid driving or hazardous activity until you know how this medicine will affect you.

Avoid taking an antacid or Kaopectate (kaolin-pectin) within 4 hours before or 4 hours after you take chloroquine.

Chloroquine side effects
Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash with blistering and peeling).

Also seek emergency medical attention if you have symptoms of a serious heart problem: fast or pounding heartbeats, fluttering in your chest, shortness of breath, and sudden dizziness (like you might pass out).

Call your doctor at once if you have:

a seizure;

ringing in your ears, trouble hearing;

severe muscle weakness, loss of coordination, underactive reflexes;

low blood cell counts--fever, chills, tiredness, mouth sores, skin sores, easy bruising, unusual bleeding, pale skin, cold hands and feet, feeling light-headed or short of breath;

low blood sugar--headache, hunger, sweating, irritability, dizziness, fast heart rate, and feeling anxious or shaky; or

a serious drug reaction that can affect many parts of your body--skin rash, fever, swollen glands, muscle aches, severe weakness, unusual bruising, or yellowing of your skin or eyes.

Taking chloroquine long-term or at high doses may cause irreversible damage to the retina of your eye. Stop taking chloroquine and tell your doctor if you have:

blurred vision, trouble focusing, trouble reading;

distorted vision, poor night vision;

changes in your color vision;

hazy or cloudy vision;

seeing light flashes or streaks, seeing halos around lights; or

increased sensitivity to light.

Common side effects may include:

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps;

headache;

unusual changes in mood or behavior;

hair loss; or

changes in hair or skin color.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

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By the principle of natural selection it was first authentically understood that nature is capable of automatically shaping biodiversity without any intellectual intervention. The theory of natural selection presented by Darwin proved to be a very revolutionary idea indeed. This broke the pattern of traditional thinking and brought human consciousness to a new dimension, because for the first time in all human history we were able to understand that things can also happen in this manner. Otherwise, before this, we could not think that how a complex creation without an intelligent creator can develop itself automatically using natural rules? Today we know that if natural selection is given enough time to do its work, it can grow into an extremely complex organism in about 4 billion years, progressively developing an absolutely simple life pattern, which is the question Could ask how this universe was created?

But now here one may ask that considered natural selection can develop simple life forms as a complex organism, but it requires only one life format to work on the simple, and simple life format is also simple There is an arrangement on the right. Also, the cosmic laws due to which this universe came into existence and the natural laws that give natural choice an opportunity to do its work is a system, so how did this system come into existence?

Let's talk about life first. The simplest form of life that came into existence about 4 billion years ago was the molecule that was capable of replicating itself, as far as we have understood about the origin of life. We have identified all the biochemicals necessary for life, and it has also been proved that all those chemicals were possible in the early Earth's atmosphere. But yet all of those chemicals are arranged in such a way so that an automated system capable of replicating itself is an extremely rare combination. Broadly, you can think of it as something that a blind person is able to add to a jigsaw puzzle piece containing hundreds of pieces in an attempt to connect it perfectly. It seems absolutely impossible. But if we consider mathematics, there is nothing like the impossible even in the rarest of rare coincidences, just the probability of its occurrence is extremely low.

In mathematics, probability means that the chance of that desired coincidence is likely to occur on the number of times an event is repeated. For example, if you draw a random card from a deck of cards, then the probability of getting the desired leaf is 1/52. This means if you try 52 times, you will definitely get success once. No matter how rare an event is, but if we know some basic things about it, then we can calculate the probability of its occurrence. All the casinos around the world are running successfully due to accurate calculations of probability. It is important to understand one thing here that if the probability of occurrence of an event is 1/100, it does not mean that success will be achieved only after 100 attempts. It may be that success is achieved in the 10th attempt itself, or it may be found in the 41st attempt, or it may be that the success is achieved in the 100th attempt itself. Probability is the maximum number of attempts that are likely to succeed.

So in this way we find that the probability of a blind person properly arranging the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle may be very low, he may not do it even after trying for a lifetime. No wonder The average lifespan of a human being is only 65 years, which is very little in terms of completing the maximum efforts required for such rare coincidences to occur. What if this age is 65 million years? And what if trillions and billions of blinds are engaged in this effort?
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प्राकृतिक चयन के सिद्धांत द्वारा पहली बार यह प्रमाणिक रूप से समझा जा सका कि प्रकृति बिना किसी बौद्धिक हस्तक्षेप के स्वतः ही जैव विविधताओं को आकार देने में सक्षम है। डार्विन द्वारा प्रस्तुत किया गया प्राकृतिक चयन का सिद्धांत वास्तव में बेहद क्रांतिकारी विचार सिद्ध हुआ। इसने परंपरागत सोच के पैटर्न को ब्रेक कर मानव चेतना को एक नए आयाम पर पहुंचा दिया, क्योंकि सम्पूर्ण मानव इतिहास में हम पहली बार यह समझने में सक्षम हुए कि चीजें इस ढंग से भी घटित हो सकती हैं। अन्यथा इससे पूर्व हम यह सोच ही नहीं सकते थे कि बिना किसी बुद्धिमान निर्माता के कोई जटिल रचना सिर्फ प्राकृतिक नियमों के सहारे स्वतः कैसे विकसित हो सकती है? आज हम जानते हैं कि प्राकृतिक चयन को यदि अपना काम करने के लिए पर्याप्त समय दिया जाए तो यह एक बिल्कुल प्रारंभिक सरल जीवन प्रारूप को उत्तरोत्तर विकसित करते हुए लगभग 4 अरब वर्षों में एक बेहद जटिल जीव के रूप में विकसित कर सकता है जो यह प्रश्न पूछ सके कि यह ब्रह्मांड कैसे बना?

लेकिन अब यहाँ कोई पूछ सकता है कि माना प्राकृतिक चयन सरल जीवन प्रारूपों को एक जटिल जीव के रूप में विकसित कर सकता है, लेकिन इसको काम करने के लिए सरल ही सही पर एक जीवन प्रारूप चाहिए ही, और सरल से सरल जीवन प्रारूप भी सरल ही सही पर एक व्यवस्था है। साथ ही ब्रह्मांडीय नियम जिनके कारण यह ब्रह्मांड अस्तित्व में आया और वे प्राकृतिक नियम जिनके कारण प्राकृतिक चुनाव को अपना काम करने का अवसर मिलता है एक व्यवस्था ही है, तो यह व्यवस्था कैसे अस्तित्व में आई?

सर्वप्रथम जीवन की बात करते हैं। जीवन की उत्पत्ति के विषय में हम जितना अभी तक समझ पाए हैं उसके अनुसार जीवन का सबसे सरल प्रारूप लगभग 4 अरब वर्ष पूर्व अस्तित्व में आया वह अणु था जो अपनी प्रतिकृति बनाने में सक्षम था। हमने जीवन के लिए आवश्यक सभी जैव रसायनों को पहचान लिया है, और यह भी सिद्ध हो चुका है कि उन सभी रसायनों का निर्माण पृथ्वी के आरंभिक काल के वातावरण में संभव था। लेकिन फिर भी उन सभी रसायनों का आपस में इस तरह व्यवस्थित होना ताकि अपनी प्रतिकृति बनाने में सक्षम एक स्वचालित व्यवस्था का निर्माण हो सके एक बेहद दुर्लभ संयोग है। मोटे तौर पर आप इसे कुछ ऐसा समझ सकते हैं जैसे कोई अँधा व्यक्ति सैकड़ों टुकड़ों वाली किसी जिग्सा पजल के टुकड़ों को जोड़ने के प्रयास में उसे बिल्कुल ठीक ढंग से जोड़ने में सफल हो जाए। यह बिलकुल असंभव प्रतीत होता है। लेकिन गणित की मानें तो दुर्लभ से दुर्लभतम संयोग में भी असंभव जैसा कुछ नहीं होता, बस उसके घटने की प्रायिकता बेहद कम होती है।

गणित में प्रायिकता का अर्थ है कि किसी घटना को कितनी बार दोहराने पर उस इच्छित संयोग के घटने की सम्भावना है। उदाहरण के तौर पर यदि आप किसी ताश की गड्डी में से रेंडमली कोई पत्ता खींचते हैं तो इच्छित पत्ता निकलने की सम्भावना 1/52 होती है। इसका अर्थ है यदि आप 52 बार प्रयास करेंगे तो इसमें आपको एक बार सफलता अवश्य मिलेगी। कोई घटना भले कितनी ही दुर्लभ हो पर यदि हमें उसके बारे में कुछ मूलभूत बातें पता हों तो हम उसके घटने की प्रायिकता(probability) की गणना कर सकते हैं। दुनिया भर के तमाम जुआघर प्रायिकता की सटीक गणनाओं के कारण ही सफलतापूर्वक चल रहे हैं। यहाँ एक बात समझना बेहद जरूरी है, कि किसी घटना के घटने की प्रायिकता यदि 1/100 है तो इसका अर्थ यह नहीं है कि सफलता 100 प्रयासों के बाद ही मिलेगी। हो सकता है सफलता 10वें प्रयास में ही मिल जाए, या फिर हो सकता है 41वें प्रयास में मिल जाए, या यह भी हो सकता है कि सफलता 100वें प्रयास में ही मिले। प्रायिकता अधिकतम प्रयासों की संख्या को बताती है जिसमें सफलता मिलने की सम्भावना है।

तो इस तरह हम पाते हैं कि एक अंधे व्यक्ति द्वारा किसी जिग्सा पजल के टुकड़ों को सही ढंग से व्यवस्थित करने की प्रायिकता बेहद कम हो सकती है, हो सकता है वह जीवन भर प्रयास करने के बावजूद भी ऐसा न कर सके। कोई आश्चर्य नहीं। मनुष्य की औसत आयु ही मात्र 65 वर्ष है, जो कि ऐसे दुर्लभ संयोगों के घटित हो सकने के लिए आवश्यक अधिकतम प्रयासों को एक जीवन में पूरा कर पाने के लिहाज से बेहद कम है। क्या हो यदि यही आयु 65 करोड़ वर्ष हो? और क्या हो यदि खरबों खरब अंधे इस प्रयास में जुटे हों तो?