Native American Indians

Native American Indians

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09/08/2023

Geraldine Keams (born August 19, 1951 in Flagstaff, Arizona) is an Navajo actress. She is best known for her work in numerous television series. Keams made her film debut playing Little Moonlight in Clint Eastwood's western, The Outlaw Josey Wales in 1976.
In addition to her film work, Keams gives live performances and workshops. She is a resident artist at the Los Angeles Music Center. Keam currently resides in Pasadena, California.

09/06/2023

Comanche girls in buckskin, graduates of the Fort Sill Indian School, Oklahoma. Photo from 1920-1930.

09/04/2023

Counting coup was the winning of prestige against an enemy by the Plains Tribes of North America. Warriors won prestige by acts of bravery in the face of the enemy, which could be recorded in various ways and retold as stories. Any blow struck against the enemy counted as a coup, but the most prestigious acts included touching an enemy warrior with the hand, bow, or coup stick and escaping unharmed. Touching the first enemy to die in battle or touching the enemy's defensive works also counted as coup, as did, in some nations, simply riding up to an enemy, touching him with a short stick, and riding away unscathed. Counting coup could also involve stealing an enemy's weapons or horses tied up to his lodge in camp. Risk of injury or death was required to count coup.
Escaping unharmed while counting coup was considered a higher honor than being wounded in the attempt. A warrior who won coup was permitted to wear an eagle feather in his hair. If he had been wounded in the attempt, however, he was required to paint the feather red to indicate this.
After a battle or exploit, the people of a band would gather together to recount their acts of bravery and "count coup". Coups were recorded by putting notches in a coup stick. Some of the Pacific Northwest tribes would tie an eagle feather to their coup stick for each coup counted, but many nations did not do so. Among the Blackfoot nation of the upper Missouri River Valley, coup could be recorded by the placement of "coup bars" on the sleeves and shoulders of special shirts that bore paintings of the warrior's exploits in battle. Many shirts of this sort have survived to the present, including some in European museums.
Joe Medicine Crow (1913–2016) is credited with achieving the feat while serving with the US Army during World War II, as on one occasion he overpowered and disarmed a German soldier, and later stole horses from an SS unit.
Piegan warrior wearing a war bonnet and holding a coup stick, Edward Curtis, 1910

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