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Healthy Mitochondria Could Stop Alzheimer’s

Summary: Boosting mitochondria may defend against a form of protein stress that can reduce the formation of amyloid plaques.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia and neurodegeneration worldwide. A major hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of toxic plaques in the brain, formed by the abnormal aggregation of a protein called beta-amyloid inside neurons.

Still without cure, Alzheimer’s poses a significant burden on public health systems. Most treatments focus on reducing the formation of amyloid plaques, but these approaches have been inconclusive. As a result, scientists are now searching for alternative treatment strategies, one of which is to consider Alzheimer’s as a metabolic disease.

Taking this line of thought, Johan Auwerx’s lab at EPFL looked at mitochondria, which are the energy-producing powerhouses of cells, and thus central in metabolism. Using worms and mice as models, they discovered that boosting mitochondria defends against a particular form of protein stress, enables them to not only protect themselves, but to also reduce the formation of amyloid plaques.

Whole-brain hemisphere sections of Alzheimer’s mice, the model APP/PSEN1, before and after treatment with the NAD+ booster Nicotinamide riboside (NR). The beta-amyloid plaque content in the brain of the APP/PSEN1 mice (left), clearly visible by Thioflavin S staining in green color and associated to brain damage during the disease, is reduced after 10 weeks treatment with NR (right).

During normal aging and age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer’s, cells face increasing damage and struggle to protect and replace dysfunctional mitochondria. Since mitochondria provide energy to brain cells, leaving the

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