Sadiq Inuwa

To every health personnel, your battlefield is health center and the weapon is conscientiousness.

Take it (your negligent) not as professional-mistake, it is negligence.

You always have to be serious and careful.

SADIQ INUWA
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GIARDIASIS;

It is a parasitic infection causes by an intestinal protozoan known as GIARDIA LAMBLIA.

DISEASE'S COMPLICATIONS

Giardia lamblia lives in gastrointestinal tract of humans particularly the part of small intestine know as doudenal, causes blockage of the lining of the small intestine where fat and others nutrients are absorbs. The digested food is neither absorbs nor nutrients are acquirable by the body system which results to malnutrition and malabsorption.

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

1) Watery stool (diarrhea) due to the malabsorption.
2) Dehydration (lose of water in the system)
3) hypotension due to hypovolemia (low blood volume)
4) Stomach irritation/ stomach pain.
5) Weakness (weight loss)
6) Irritability
7) Reduced appetite
8) Inflammation
9) Reduced body temperature
ETC.....

NOTE; Malnutrition causes kwashiorkor in children and severe health condition in adults such as marasmus.

WAYS OF CONTAMINATION

The trophozoite or/and the egg of GIARDIA LAMBLIA mostly are obtain and consume through the following ways:
a} Contamination of hands during washing a**s after using toilet.
b} Contaminated fruit when not properly wash before consuming.
c} Contaminated vegetables.

CONTROLS /PREVENTION

a} Disinfect hands by washing with detergent after using toilet.
b} Properly wash hands before eating meal.
c} Properly Wash fruit and vegetables before consuming.

TREATMENT

Giardiasis is treats with antibiotics such as metronidazole, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin ETC...
and antiinflammatories e.g paracetamol to reduce the inflammation.

Sadiq Inuwa 🌀

TONSILLITIS
It is a tonsils infection cause by Bacteria or virus. A tonsil is a small masses of lymphoid tissue that lie on each side of throat, the tonsils functions in defense mechanism (fighting against infections)

Bacterial tonsillitis shows the following symptoms;
- Swollen ovula
- Red swollen tonsils
- Whitish spots on the tonsils
- Throat redness
- Gray furry tongue.

The bacterial tonsillitis is treats with antibiotics of choice which is penicillin for the period of 10days.
Erythromycin and Cefuroxime can also be use.

Viral tonsillitis shows the following symptoms;
- Red swollen tonsils
- Throat redness.

The Viral tonsillitis can simply be treated at home through the following ways;
- Saline gargle: add a quantity of salt in water, mix well, allow the salt to dissolve. Frequently Wash your mouth with the mixture.
- Mix honey with warm water and consume.
- Ensure you stay hydrated.

Sadiq Inuwa 🌀

WHAT MAKES BLOOD IN LIQUID FOR WITHIN THE VESSELS.

Blood is a fluid connective tissue, it's also called "the river of life" due to it functions and flowing ability within the vessels in the body's system. Blood play vital roles but the general metabolic functions are Transportation, immunity, coagulation, and also regulatory function such as system temperature regulation.
In the system, blood travels within vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries).The vessels consist of two major components that play roles in the pathway that maintain blood in liquid form within the system.
1) Extracellular matrix /collagen fibers: Present in the outer part of the vessel, It involves in attraction of platelets to forms primary plug. This process occurs when there is tissues damage.
2) Endothelial lining: Consisting of healthy endothelial cells which are the main precursors of the process that keeps blood in fluids forms). The components on the healthy endothelial cells and the processes involved maintenance of blood in liquid forms are as follows;

a) Healthy endothelial cells contains Nitrioxide (NO), Prostacyclin and ADP phosphatase; These molecules serves as anti-platelets. They inactivates the activated platelets, the activated platelets loves binding to the Extracellular matrix by which platelets aggregation occurs. Attraction of platelets to the Extracellular matrix can occur when their is tissues damage due to the exposure of Extracellular matrix and absence of Nitrioxide NO, Prostacyclin and ADP phosphatase.

b) Healthy endothelial cells contains heparan sulfate which have binding sites for activating a non active enzyme (Antithrombin III) once binds to it. The activated Antithrombin III (ATIII) inhibit coagulation (clotting) by lysing the clotting factors which are Thrombin, activated factor X (Xa) and activated factor IX (IXa).

c) Thrombin modulator; Thrombin itself is procoagulant but when binds with this modulator it so much modulates itself and becomes anticoagulant by activating protein C. Protein C is produced by liver, when activated it destroy activated factor V (Va) and VIII (VIIIa) which are blood clotting factors.

d) Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA); In some physiological condition where coagulation occuring somewhere i.e fibrinogen converted to fibrin, fibrin is an insoluble protein that is produced in response to bleeding and is the major component of the blood clot. Healthy endothelial cells produce a protein called tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). Tissue plasminogen activator activates a protein produced by a liver known as plasminogen into plasmin, Plasmin destroy the Fabrin by breaking the Fabrin into Fabrin degradation products.

Sadiq Inuwa 🕊️