SSPR Foundation

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कैंसर जागरूकता हेतु निःशुल्क स्वास्थ्य शिविर का आयोजन — S.S.P.R. Foundation और Akropolis Hospital की संयुक्त पहल | रजत भ कैंसर जागरूकता हेतु निःशुल्क स्वास्थ्य शिविर का आयोजन — S.S.P.R. Foundation और Akropolis Hospital की संयुक्त पहल | रजत भार्गव रहे मुख्य अत.....

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels due to insufficient insulin production, ineffective insulin action, or both. It can lead to serious health complications if not managed properly.

Types of Diabetes Mellitus:

1. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM):
Cause: Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
Onset: Usually in children or young adults.
Features: Absolute insulin deficiency.
Treatment: Lifelong insulin therapy.

2. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM):
Cause: Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
Onset: Typically in adults over 40, but increasingly seen in younger individuals.
Features: Often associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
Treatment: Lifestyle changes, oral hypoglycemics, and sometimes insulin.

3. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM):
Occurs: During pregnancy.
Risks: Increased risk of type 2 diabetes later for mother and child.
Treatment: Diet control, insulin if needed.

4. Other Specific Types:
Includes genetic defects, diseases of the pancreas, endocrinopathies, and drug-induced diabetes.

Symptoms of Diabetes:

Frequent urination (polyuria)
Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
Increased hunger (polyphagia)
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Unexplained weight loss (especially in T1DM)
Slow healing wounds and recurrent infections

Diagnosis:

1. Fasting Blood Glucose: ≥126 mg/dL
2. Random Blood Glucose: ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms
3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): 2-hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL
4. HbA1c (Glycated Hemoglobin): ≥6.5%

Complications:
Acute:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): Mainly in type 1
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS): Mainly in type 2
Hypoglycemia: Often due to medication/insulin

Chronic:
Microvascular:
Retinopathy (eyes)
Nephropathy (kidneys)
Neuropathy (nerves)

Macrovascular:
Coronary artery disease
Stroke
Peripheral artery diseas

Here’s a summarized form of Diabetes Mellitus Treatment:

Tretment Diabetes Mellitus

1. Type 1 Diabetes

Insulin therapy (lifelong): basal + bolus or insulin pump
Diet: Carbohydrate counting, low-GI foods
Exercise: Regular, with glucose monitoring
Monitoring: SMBG or CGM, HbA1c every 3–6 months

2. Type 2 Diabetes

A. Non-Pharmacological (always first):
Healthy diet and physical activity (≥150 min/week)
Weight loss (5–10%)
Smoking cessation, limit alcohol

B. Pharmacological:

First-line: Metformin
Add-on drugs based on comorbidities:
SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 agonists for CV/renal benefits
DPP-4 inhibitors, TZDs, or sulfonylureas as needed
Insulin if HbA1c >10% or not controlled with oral drugs

3. Gestational Diabetes

First-line: Diet + exercise

If needed: Insulin (safe in pregnancy)

Monitoring: Frequent glucose checks

4. Monitoring

SMBG/CGM, HbA1c every 3–6 months

Annual checks: Eyes, kidneys, feet, lipids, BP.

Experts say that flavored e-cigarettes can cause irreversible lung damage.

A U.S. teen developed "popcorn lung" after secretly va**ng for 3 years — a permanent, life-altering disease.

Officially known as bronchiolitis obliterans, the condition scars the lungs' tiniest airways, causing chronic coughing, wheezing, fatigue, and breathlessness.

Although once associated with diacetyl exposure in popcorn factories, today's concern centers on the wide array of chemicals found in e-cigarette vapors. Many of these flavoring agents, while safe to ingest, become toxic when heated and inhaled — delivering direct harm to the lungs and bloodstream without the body's natural filtration defenses.

The rise of va**ng, particularly among young people drawn to fruity and candy-like flavors, has created a dangerous new health frontier. With over 180 flavoring agents used in e-cigarette liquids — some breaking down into untested or harmful compounds when heated — experts say regulatory action is urgently needed. The teen's devastating diagnosis serves as a stark reminder that inhaled chemicals once deemed harmless in food can have catastrophic effects when v**ed, underscoring the need for stricter controls and public awareness to prevent irreversible damage.

source

Popcorn lung: how va**ng can scar your lungs for life Popcorn lung is more than just a strange name — it’s a serious, irreversible lung disease linked to chemicals in some v**e flavours.

This week we intend to share about different stages of menopause.
It is a natural change that occurs in a woman's body around the age of 45-55.
This might be a big change and it's better to understand these changes and cope with them in a better and healthy way!!
Stay tuned for more details coming up!