Vitro Scient

HBa1c vitro
Throughout the circulatory life of the red cell, Hemoglobin A1c is formed continuously by the addition of glucose to the N-terminal of the hemoglobin beta chain. This process, which is non-enzymatic, reflects the average exposure of hemoglobin to glucose over an extended period. In a classical study, Trivelli et al1 showed Hemoglobin A1c in diabetic subjects to be elevated 2-3 fold over the levels found in normal individuals. Several investigators have recommended that Hemoglobin A1c serve as an indicator of metabolic control of the diabetic, since Hemoglobin A1c levels approach normal values for diabetics in metabolic control.2,3,4
Hemoglobin A1c has been defined operationally as the “fast fraction” hemoglobins (HbA1a, A1b, A1c) that elute first during column chromatography with cation-exchange resins. The non-glycosylated hemoglobin, which consists of the bulk of the hemoglobin has been designated HbA0. The present procedure utilizes a antigen and antibody reaction to directly determine the concentration of the HbA1c.

Cholesterol is a steroid with a secondary hydroxyl group in the C3 position, and found in blood, bile, and brain tissue. It serves as a precursor to
bile acids, steroids and vitamin D. It is synthesized in many types of tissue, but particularly in the liver and intestinal wall. Approximately, 75% of
cholesterol is newly synthesized and a 25% originates from dietary intake. Measurements of serum cholesterol levels are important in the
diagnosis and classification of hyperlipoproteinemias. Elevated cholesterol levels may occur with hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes,
and various liver diseases. There is a correlation between elevated serum cholesterol levels and the incidence of coronary artery diseases.
Normal cholesterol levels are affected by stress, diet, age, gender, hormonal balance, and pregnancy. Depressed levels are associated with
hyperthyroidism and severe liver diseases1,