Boreal Wellness

What is lymphedema ? Causes and classification
Lymphedema is a condition characterized by the accumulation of lymph fluid in local tissues, resulting in swelling due to impaired lymphatic drainage. It can touch any part of the body, although it is most often manifested in the arms, legs or face. Etiology is generally classified into two primary categories: primary lymphedema and secondary lymphedema.
Primitive lymphedema is usually caused by congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system and is often hereditary. Potential causes include:
Genetic abnormalities: Some people are born with underdeveloped lymph vessels, which leads to impairment of drainage. This type of lymphedema can occur at birth or during childhood.
Lymphedema-Distichiasis syndrome: A rare genetic disease characterized by the presence of double rows of eyelashes (distichiasis) in conjunction with lymphedema.
Secondary (acquired) lymphedema is the result of external factors that block normal lymph flow. Common causes include:
Surgery: Cancer treatments may require ablution of lymph nodes or lymph vessels, which can disrupt lymph drainage and lead to swelling. It is commonly observed in the treatments for breast, prostate or uterus cancer.
Radiothérapie : La radiothérapie peut endommager ou cicatriser les ganglions et les vaisseaux lymphatiques, ce qui nuit à la circulation lymphatique et provoque un lymphœdème.
Infections: Serious infections such as schistosomyiasis or filariosis can cause inflammation or ganglionary lesions and impair lymphatic function.
Postoperative trauma or complications: Injuries such as burns or surgical incisions can damage the lymph vessels, resulting in localized swelling.
Maladies chroniques : Des affections telles que l’insuffisance cardiaque, la cirrhose ou les maladies rénales peuvent causer une rétention d’eau généralisée et peuvent déclencher ou aggraver le lymphœdème.
Obesity: Severe obesity increases the risk of lymphedema, as excess adipose tissue can compress lymph vessels and obstruct flow.
Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases: Chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic erythematical lupus can disrupt lymphatic circulation and increase the risk of edema.

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