Physics Made Easy

Diffusion: Diffusion is the process by which different forms of fluids (liquid and gases) mix intimately with one another owing to the kinetic nature of their molecules.
Diffusion occurs because fluids move and as they move they carry what they have to their next position and it goes on.
That is why when you spray perfume at one end of the room, it won't be long before at the other end it will be perceived. Also, when you pour ink into a container of water without shaking it, the entire liquid would have the colour of the ink after a while.
Factors affecting Diffusion
a. Density of the fluid
b. Temperature of the fluid
c. Pressure
d. Concentration
e. Mass
Graham's law of diffusion states that at a constant temperature gases diffuse at rates which are inversely proportional to the square root of their vapour densities.

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Atoms & Molecules
Atoms are very tiny particles once known are indivisible. However it has been proved false. Atoms are made of particles called:
1. Proton: It is positively charged and with Neutron it forms a tightly packed Nucleus. It's mass is 1
2. Neutron: Neutron is a neutrally charged particle and with Proton is forms the Nucleus. It's mass is 1
3. Electron: It is a negatively particle and revolves around the Nucleus. It's mass is 1/1840
In an atom, the electron goes around the main nucleus which is made up of proton and electron.
Molecules on the other hand are tiny particles which are made up of atoms, and it comes together to form matter. Every molecules contains Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy.

Brownian Motion
This is a principle that states that molecules are always in motion. This means that in every matter, the molecules are never at rest. In gases, the movement of molecules is much more prominent through the obvious movement of the gas. In liquids the movement of molecules can also be seen through the subtle movement of the liquid, the molecules here glide on top of each other. In solids, the movement of the molecules is not so obvious, this is because the molecules vibrate around its position. Thus it can be agreed that molecules are in constant motion.
The second part of the principle states that all matter are made up of molecules.

Properties of Matter
1. Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules
2. Matter exerts pressure
3. Matter occupies space
4. Matter has mass or weight.
Every matter contain all these features